Difference between revisions of "Grid"

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[[w:Grid Computing|Grid Computing]] is an emerging computing model that treats all resources as a collection of manageable entities with common interfaces to such functionality as lifetime management, discoverable properties and accessibility via open protocols. Today [[w:resource allocation|resource allocation]] in a grid is increasingly done in accordance with SLAs ([[w:service level agreement|service level agreement]]s).
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{{glossary}}
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A [[w:Grid Computing|grid]] system is essentially a connector of resources involving two main aspects, resource abstraction and [[w:resource allocation|resource allocation]].
  
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The way that diverse resources can be connected in a grid system is by having a common interface to each type of resource (such as disk space or processing power). This interface involves both the API by which the system can physically interact with the resource (including all parameters about availability and performance etc), and a [[w:service level agreement|service level agreement]] which allows a price to be assigned to usage of the resource, and a cost to be assigned to delivery based on the level of performance. This arrangement creates an incentive driven system that minimises prices while maximising performance.
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The resource allocation aspect can be thought of as a caching mechanism or "cashflow manager", but works over many different dimensions of resource rather than only the financial currencies. The general idea is to evolve an accurate report of the supply and demand across all resources in the system and how it changes over time.
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== The semantic web ==
 
The ''[[w:Semantic Web|semantic web]]'' is an evolving extension of the Web in which [[w:web content|web content]] can be expressed not only in [[w:natural language|natural language]], but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by [[w:Software agent|software agents]], thus permitting them to find, share and [[w:Digital integration|integrate]] information more easily. It derives from [[w:World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] director [[w:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]]'s vision of the Web as a universal medium for [[w:data|data]], [[w:information|information]], and [[w:knowledge|knowledge]] exchange.  
 
The ''[[w:Semantic Web|semantic web]]'' is an evolving extension of the Web in which [[w:web content|web content]] can be expressed not only in [[w:natural language|natural language]], but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by [[w:Software agent|software agents]], thus permitting them to find, share and [[w:Digital integration|integrate]] information more easily. It derives from [[w:World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] director [[w:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]]'s vision of the Web as a universal medium for [[w:data|data]], [[w:information|information]], and [[w:knowledge|knowledge]] exchange.  
  
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At its core, the semantic web comprises a philosophy, a set of design principles, collaborative working groups, and a variety of enabling technologies. Some elements of the semantic web are expressed as prospective future possibilities that have yet to be implemented or realized. Other elements of the semantic web are expressed in formal specifications. Some of these include [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF]], a variety of data interchange formats (e.g [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF/XML]], [[w:Notation 3|N3]], [[w:Turtle (syntax)|Turtle]], [[w:N-Triples|N-Triples]]), and notations such as [[w:RDF Schema|RDFS]] and the [[w:Web Ontology Language|OWL]]. All of which are intended to formally describe concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain.
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At its core, the semantic web comprises a philosophy, a set of design principles, collaborative working groups, and a variety of enabling technologies. Some elements of the semantic web are expressed as prospective future possibilities that have yet to be implemented or realized. Other elements of the semantic web are expressed in formal specifications. Some of these include [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF]], a variety of data interchange formats (e.g [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF/XML]], [[w:Notation 3|N3]], [[w:Turtle (syntax)|Turtle]], [[w:N-Triples|N-Triples]]), and notations such as [[w:RDF Schema|RDFS]] and the [[w:Web Ontology Language|OWL]] -- all of which are intended to formally describe concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain.
  
 
== RDF ==
 
== RDF ==
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This mechanism for describing resources is a major [[w:software componentry|component]] in what is proposed by the W3C's [[w:Semantic Web|Semantic Web]] activity: an evolutionary stage of the Web in which automated software can store, exchange, and use machine-readable information distributed throughout the web, in turn enabling users to deal with the information with greater efficiency and certainty. RDF's simple data model and ability to model disparate, abstract concepts has also led to its increasing use in [[w:knowledge management|knowledge management]] applications unrelated to Semantic Web activity.
 
This mechanism for describing resources is a major [[w:software componentry|component]] in what is proposed by the W3C's [[w:Semantic Web|Semantic Web]] activity: an evolutionary stage of the Web in which automated software can store, exchange, and use machine-readable information distributed throughout the web, in turn enabling users to deal with the information with greater efficiency and certainty. RDF's simple data model and ability to model disparate, abstract concepts has also led to its increasing use in [[w:knowledge management|knowledge management]] applications unrelated to Semantic Web activity.
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*[http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3]
  
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== TripleSpace ==
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== See also ==
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The web and the tuplespace have many things in common. They are both global information spaces for persistent publication. Therefore, they share many of their underlying principles. They differ in their application context. The web is a world wide information space for the human reader and the tuplespace is a local space for parallel. We propose to extend the [[w:tuplespace|tuplespace]] into a ''triple-space'', where ''<subject, predicate, object>'' describe content and semantics of information. The object can become a subject in a new triple and so defining a graph structure capturing structural information.
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*[[Web 3.0]]
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:''- Dieter Fensel, Tim Berners-Lee & Eva K&uuml;hn, May 2004''
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*[[RDF]]
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[[w:triple|RDF-triple]]s are almost identical to the associative array, or ''key:value'' pair, based structure we're used to, triples are just a slightly more atomic way of describing the information. A statement of ''<subject, predicate, object>'' can be thought of as saying the ''subject'' contains the ''predicate:object'' association.
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*[[Wikipedia:List of grid computing middleware distribution]]
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[[Category:Web3.0]]
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== Hydranode ==
 
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Hydranode is more complete than the [[nodal reduction]] algorithm and already supports multiplexed and load-balanced communications over a diverse range of protocols, even though it may no longer be under development. in fact any content-distribution system which is protocol-independent can easily be turned into a work-reduction system similar to the nodal models approach, because any processeses which can be broken up into arbitraily small work units are completed in the same way as sending or receiving any packet.
 
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== Tripoli ==
 
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[http://codepoetics.com/tripoli/faq.html Tripoli] is a GPL project written in Python which implements a ''TripleSpace'' over the [[w:Twisted (software)|Twisted]] infrastructure which is an event-driven network programming framework written licensed under the MIT License.
 
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== Perl Object Environment ==
 
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[[w:Perl Object Environment|POE]] was originally developed as the core of a persistent object server and runtime environment. It has evolved into a general purpose multitasking and networking framework, encompassing and providing a consistent interface to other event loops. POE is a Perl equivalent to Tripoli.
 

Latest revision as of 00:12, 24 April 2016

Glossary.svg This page describes a concept which is part of our glossary

A grid system is essentially a connector of resources involving two main aspects, resource abstraction and resource allocation.

The way that diverse resources can be connected in a grid system is by having a common interface to each type of resource (such as disk space or processing power). This interface involves both the API by which the system can physically interact with the resource (including all parameters about availability and performance etc), and a service level agreement which allows a price to be assigned to usage of the resource, and a cost to be assigned to delivery based on the level of performance. This arrangement creates an incentive driven system that minimises prices while maximising performance.

The resource allocation aspect can be thought of as a caching mechanism or "cashflow manager", but works over many different dimensions of resource rather than only the financial currencies. The general idea is to evolve an accurate report of the supply and demand across all resources in the system and how it changes over time.

The semantic web

The semantic web is an evolving extension of the Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. It derives from W3C director Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the Web as a universal medium for data, information, and knowledge exchange.

At its core, the semantic web comprises a philosophy, a set of design principles, collaborative working groups, and a variety of enabling technologies. Some elements of the semantic web are expressed as prospective future possibilities that have yet to be implemented or realized. Other elements of the semantic web are expressed in formal specifications. Some of these include RDF, a variety of data interchange formats (e.g RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, N-Triples), and notations such as RDFS and the OWL -- all of which are intended to formally describe concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain.

RDF

Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a family of W3C specifications originally designed as a metadata model but which has come to be used as a general method of modeling information, through a variety of syntax formats.

The RDF metadata model is based upon the idea of making statements about resources in the form of subject-predicate-object expressions, called triples in RDF terminology. The subject denotes the resource, and the predicate denotes traits or aspects of the resource and expresses a relationship between the subject and the object. For example, one way to represent the notion "The sky has the color blue" in RDF is as a triple of specially formatted strings: a subject denoting "the sky", a predicate denoting "has the color", and an object denoting "blue".

This mechanism for describing resources is a major component in what is proposed by the W3C's Semantic Web activity: an evolutionary stage of the Web in which automated software can store, exchange, and use machine-readable information distributed throughout the web, in turn enabling users to deal with the information with greater efficiency and certainty. RDF's simple data model and ability to model disparate, abstract concepts has also led to its increasing use in knowledge management applications unrelated to Semantic Web activity.

See also

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