German lesson 3
- questions & answers:
- Was ist das in Deutsch?
- Kannst du mir bitte der/die/das (noun) geben?
- Welche Farbe hat...
- Wie war dein Tag?
- Asking back: Und selber? Und dir? Und bei dir? etc.
- Vocab
At the Restaurant - Im Restaurant/Gasthaus
restaurant das Restaurant, -s /das Gasthaus, "-er
appetizer/starter die Vorspeise, -n
main course das Hauptgericht, -e
desert der Nachtisch, -e
fast food der Schnellimbiss, -e
cook / chef der Koch, "-e / die Köchin, -nen
waiter/waitress der Kellner, - / die Kellnerin, -nen
food das Essen, -
drink das Getränk, -e
beer das Bier, -e
bill die Rechnung, -en
bottle die Flasche, -n
glass das Glas, "-er
cup die Tasse, -n
dirty schmutzig
fish der Fisch, -e
cream die Sahne, -n / die Schlagsahne, -n
hot heiß
hungry hungrig
cutlery das Besteck, -e
fork die Gabel, -n
spoon der Löffel, -
knife das Messer, -
menu die Speisekarte, -n
mineral water das Mineralwasser, -
napkin die Serviette, -n
to order bestellen
plate der Teller, -
pub die Wirtschaft, -en
salad der Salat, -e
sausage die Wurst, "-e
service die Bedienung, -en
tip das Trinkgeld, -er
to taste schmecken
vegetarian der Vegetarier, - / die Vegetarierin, -nen
wine der Wein, -e
red wine Rotwein, -e
white wine Weisswein, -e
sparkling wine Schaumwein, -e
rosé Rosé, -s
- Adjective Endings
German adjectives, like English ones, usually go in front of the noun they modify: "der gute Mann" (the good man), "das große Haus" (the big house/building), "die schöne Dame" (the pretty lady). Unlike English adjectives, a German adjective in front of a noun has to have an ending (-e in the examples above). Just what that ending will be depends on several factors, including gender (der, die, das) and case (nominative, accusative, dative). But most of the time the ending is an -e or an -en (in the plural). With ein-words, the ending varies according to the modified noun's gender (see below).
Look at the following table for the adjective endings in the nominative (subject) case:
With definite article (der, die, das) - Nominative case
der neue Wagen - the new car
die schöne Stadt - the beautiful city
das alte Auto - the old car
die neuen Bücher - the new books
With indefinite article (eine, kein, mein) - Nom. case
ein neuer Wagen - a new car
eine schöne Stadt - a beautiful city
ein altes Auto - an old car
keine neuen Bücher - no new books
Note that with ein-words, since the article may not tell us the gender of the following noun, the adjective ending often does this instead (-es = das, -er = der; see above).
As in English, a German adjective can also come after the verb (predicate adjective): "Das Haus ist groß." (The house is large.) In such cases the adjective will have NO ending.
- Colors - Farben
The German words for colors usually function as adjectives and take the normal adjective endings (but see exceptions below). In certain situations, colors can also be nouns and are thus capitalized: "eine Bluse in Blau" (a blouse in blue); "das Blaue vom Himmel versprechen" (to promise heaven and earth, lit., "the blue of the heavens").
The chart below shows some of the more common colors with sample phrases.
Farbe Color Color Phrases with Adjective Endings
rot red der rote Wagen (the red car), der Wagen ist rot
rosa pink die rosa Rosen (the pink roses)*
blau blue ein blaues Auge (a black eye), er ist blau (he's drunk)
hell- light die hellblaue Bluse (the light blue blouse)**
blau blue
dunkel- dark die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse)
blau blue
grün green der grüne Hut (the green hat)
gelb yellow die gelben Seiten (yellow pages), ein gelbes Auto
weiß white das weiße Papier (the white paper)
schwarz black der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase)
- Colors ending in -a (lila, rosa) do not
take the normal adjective endings.
- Light or dark colors are preceded by hell- (light) or
dunkel- (dark), as in hellgrün (light green) or dunkelgrün (dark green).
- Conversation
