German lesson 1

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  1. Lesson
  • Alphabet
  • Vowel combinations
    • au; ei; eu; ie (less common are ey, ay, ai and they are pronounced the same as 'ie')
  • Consonant combinations
    • ch-wirklich; ch-auch
      • difference between ch after a,e and i or after o and u
    • ck (k) e.g. dick
    • pf e.g. Pferd(das)
    • ph (f) e.g. Alphabet(das)
    • qu (kv) e.g. Quittung(die)
    • sp (shp - only if at beginning of word) e.g. sprechen
    • st (sht - only if at beginning of word) e.g. stehen
    • sch (sh) e.g. schön
    • th (t) e.g. Theater(das)
      • other general pronounciation rules: if an h follows a vowel, the vowel is pronounced long. e.g. sehr. if one consoant is followed by the same (double consonants) it makes them fast, e.g. essen
  • Pronouns(Nominativ)
    • German Du/Sie
  • Conjugate basic verbs
    • sein - to be
    • haben - to have
    • werden - to become
    • können - to be able, can
    • wollen - want
    • müssen - have to, must
  • regularities for conjugation
    • infinitiv ends with -en (exception sein)
    • 1st singular -e
    • 2nd singular -st
    • 3rd singular -t
    • 1st plural -en (same as infinitiv)
    • 2nd plural -t
    • 3rd pluarl -en (same as infinitiv)
      • Ich spreche
      • Du sprichst
      • Er/Sie/Es spricht
      • Wir sprechen
      • Ihr sprecht
      • Sie sprechen
    • most verbs aren't consistently regular, means some forms do not apply to the above given guidance e.g. müssen
      • Ich muß
      • Du mußt
      • Er/Sie/Es muß
      • Wir müssen
      • Ihr müsst
      • Sie müssen
  • Greetings
    • Guten Tag
    • Guten Morgen
    • Guten Abend
    • Gute Nacht
      • refer to cases (der Tag - Guten Tag; die Nacht - Gute Nacht)
    • Hallo
    • Tschüß
    • Auf Wiedersehen
      • use: formal/informal